Construction system using prefabricated concrete elements

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a construction system using multi-layer precast concrete elements, combining vertical elements (FIG. 1) and horizontal elements. The vertical elements are formed by precast panels containing the following layers: outer or facade layer (1), an insulating layer (2), a structural concrete layer (3) and internal finishing layer (6). Horizontal elements include a layer of structural concrete.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is a construction system using precast concrete elements, which are multilaminar. The system has all the necessary features for the construction of a habitable building.

The system makes it possible to industrialize the manufacture of all the elements in the factory and proceed on-site only with their installation, forming a habitable building without the need for traditional work. This achieves a very significant reduction in execution times, a substantial cost savings due to the industrialization process, an improvement in the quality of execution by the industrialization in the workshop of the elements and an improvement of the carbon footprint by the optimization of the elements to be installed.

The system comprises the combination of vertical and horizontal elements, creating habitable construction structures. For this reason, the object of the present invention will be of interest to the construction sector in general.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Construction solutions made using precast concrete elements are well known. In each case, the different precast elements are designed to fulfil a specific function, for example: facade finishing, enclosure panels, vertical load pillars, etc. However, there is no developed solution that includes in a single element all the characteristics necessary to complete the construction of a building.

By way of example, we can cite the Spanish Patent Application Number 200602345 from the firm ICOCERCH TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA EDIFICACIÓN S. L “Construction system with precast concrete panels” in which a fixing structure is described between different elements involved in the construction, such as: interior and exterior panels, alveolar slabs and, where appropriate, foundation walls, which are fixed to each other with the help of welded metal reinforcements and finally embedded in a concrete mass.

DESCRIPTION

The present construction system using precast concrete elements described below combines precast concrete elements of a multilaminar nature.

This system allows the realization of construction structures that include all the necessary features for a habitable building.

The aforementioned precast elements of a multilaminar nature are manufactured in an industrialized way in a workshop or factory, so that only assembly is required on site for the construction of the structure. In it, a plurality of vertical elements are combined with other horizontal elements.

The vertical elements are formed by precast panels containing one or more layers of which are cited below in their structure.

An outer layer or facade of a resistant material such as concrete, GRC corresponding to the acronym “Glass Reinforced Concrete” or Micro concrete (material derived from fine micro-cement, which is characterized by its great hardness and resistance) Reinforced with Alkali-Resistant Fibreglass, polymer concrete, natural stone, or ceramic.

An insulation layer with terminal bridge break, made by means of a rigid or flexible plate of insulating material or projected insulation, this being able to contain a sheet as a vapour barrier and even an empty space as an air chamber.

A layer of structural concrete, which can be of precast concrete, UHPC that corresponds to the acronym of Ultra High Performance Concrete being one of the recent developments in concrete technology that is characterized by offering a structural behaviour more similar to that of steel itself than conventional concrete, especially for its highly ductile behaviour when subjected to stress. That is why this layer is responsible for the structural stability of the panel itself and the building that contains it. This layer contains all the necessary technical installations.

Finally, an internal finishing layer that regularizes the concrete surface of the previous layer by means of a laminated gypsum sheet or by means of a projected element based on gypsum or cement.

The external layer or facade and the aforementioned layer of structural concrete are connected by rigid elements either of stainless steel or of resistant alkaline glass fibre so as to allow mechanical connection by decreasing the thermal transmission.

Likewise, the external layer or facade is flat or three-dimensional, adapting to the geometry necessary for the fitting of the different pieces, as well as for the needs of the building.

Finally, the aforementioned layer of structural concrete is solid, or ribbed, being solid as a simpler manufacturing solution and ribbed when it is necessary to reduce the weight of the elements. The ribbing is done by a counter-mould to make that shape or by non-continuous thickness increments in the insulating layer.

As far as horizontal elements are concerned, they are also formed by precast reinforced or prestressed concrete panels, which include the following layers:

An insulating layer by means of a rigid or flexible plate of insulating material or projected insulation, containing a sheet as a vapour barrier and even an empty space as an air chamber.

A layer of reinforced or prestressed structural concrete to meet the mechanical performance of the element.

A layer that includes the installation system for radiant air conditioning assembly.

A compression layer and flooring finish.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A detailed description of the construction system using precast concrete elements is to be found below, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein, by way of a non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment of the invention is portrayed, which is susceptible to any variations in detail which do not represent a fundamental variation of the essential characteristics of said refinements.

These drawings illustrate:

In FIG. 1: Section view of part of the structure in vertical element

In FIG. 2: Section view of the intersection of vertical and horizontal elements.

According to the exemplary embodiment depicted, the precast concrete element construction system illustrated in this preferred embodiment consists essentially of multilaminar precast concrete elements including all the features necessary for a habitable building.

The manufacturing of the elements is carried out in an industrialized way in the workshop or factory, only its assembly being carried out on site by combining vertical elements and horizontal elements, such as those described below.

Vertical elements are formed by precast panels. Each of these panels contains one or more of the following layers as component elements:

Layer 1 exterior (1) or facade formed of concrete.

Layer 2 (2) of insulation with terminal bridge breakage, by means of a rigid or flexible plate of insulating material containing a sheet as a vapour barrier and even an empty space as an air chamber.

Layer 3 (3) of structural concrete. This layer is formed by precast concrete, being responsible for the structural stability of the panel itself and the building that contains it. This layer contains all the necessary technical installations (4 and 5).

Layer 4 (6) interior finishing. This layer provides the interior finishing for which it regularizes the concrete surface of the previous layer by means of a laminated gypsum sheet or by means of a projected element based on gypsum or cement.

The layers, exterior (1) and structural concrete (3) are connected by rigid elements either of stainless steel or of resistant alkaline glass fibre so as to allow mechanical connection by decreasing the thermal transmission. The outer layer (1) being flat or three-dimensional in shape, to adapt to the geometry necessary for the fitting of the different pieces, as well as for the needs of the building.

The structural concrete layer (3) is solid, ribbed or hollow, to reduce weight and increase mechanical capacity. The ribbing is done by a counter-mould to make that shape or by non-continuous thickness increments in the insulation layer (2).

The horizontal elements are formed by precast elements of reinforced or prestressed concrete, which includes the following layers:

Layer 2 (9) of reinforced or prestressed structural concrete to meet the mechanical performance of the element.

Compression layer 4 (8).

Finally, the shape, materials and dimensions may be variable and, in general, everything that is accessory and secondary, provided that it does not alter or modify the essentiality of the refinements that have been described. 

1. Construction system using precast concrete elements, consisting mainly of multilaminar precast concrete elements that includes all the necessary features for a habitable building, wherein it combines vertical elements and horizontal elements, formed by precast panels made in an industrialized way in a workshop or factory, characterized in that the vertical elements contain the following layers as elements that compose it: exterior or facade layer 1 (1); layer 2 (2) of insulation; layer 3 (3) of structural concrete and layer 4 (6) of interior finishing and wherein the horizontal elements layer 2 (9) are of structural concrete and layer 4 (8) of compression.
 2. Construction system using precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the exterior or facade layer (1) of the vertical panels is formed by concrete.
 3. Construction system using precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) with terminal bridge breakage, is constituted by means of a rigid or flexible plate of insulating material.
 4. Construction system by means of precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer (6) of interior finish of the vertical panels is composed of a laminated gypsum sheet or by means of a projected element based on gypsum or cement.
 5. Construction system using precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layers (1) and structural concrete layer (3) of the vertical panels are connected by rigid elements of stainless steel or resistant alkaline glass fibre mechanically connecting decreasing thermal transmission, the outer layer (1) being able to be flat or three-dimensional, adapted in its shape to the protrusions or inlets of the facade of the building.
 6. Construction system using precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural concrete layer (3) of the vertical panels is solid, ribbed or hollow.
 7. Construction system using precast concrete elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer (9) of structural concrete of the horizontal elements is reinforced or prestressed concrete. 